WC26 modelTournament review
Final · Spain won · 104 matches
Tournament review · Jun 11 – Jul 19, 2026
The model's number-one pick won the World Cup — and no champion in the data deserved it more

Spain 1–0 Argentina, aet. The model went into opening day with Spain as its top pick at 16% — above the market's 14.9% — and had Argentina, the eventual runner-up, at 11.9% against a market price of just 8.2% — its top two picks of the whole field were exactly the two teams that reached the final.

xWDL says the pick aged even better than the scoreline: Spain finished with the field's best expected-goal difference, was the xWDL favourite in all eight of its games, and conceded once all month — while actually under-finishing its own chances. The least lucky champion on the board.

+13.9xG difference — best in field
53%xWDL win prob, all 8 games
1 / 2.4 xGAGoals conceded, whole tournament
-2.3Goals minus xG — under-finished
Spain's run — never a lock
Group HCape Verde0–0
87% · 91%
Group HSaudi Arabia4–0
85% · 88%
Group HUruguay1–0
56% · 60%
Round of 32Austria3–0
61% · 74%
Round of 16Portugal1–0
45% · 49%
QuarterfinalBelgium2–1
51% · 59%
SemifinalFrance2–0
32% · 30%
FinalArgentina1–0 aet
31% · 32%
Model win probability at kickoffMarket (vig-free consensus)† Uruguay: capture missed (network outage) — value reconstructed from pre-match ratings‡ Final: level at 90' — the model predicts 90-minute outcomes, so the odds shown are for the draw
Model: kickoff-morning title probabilities · xWDL: FotMob xG · The final's winning goal came in extra time and is unattributed in every dataset used here.
Matches
104
Jun 11 – Jul 19
Goals
301
2.89 per match
Head-to-head
36–64
model vs market, by log-loss
Outright underdog wins
15
of 81 model-covered results
Knockouts past 90'
9/32
incl. the final
Model vs market
The market won the tournament — narrowly, and not in the knockouts

The market won the tournament overall — but the model was dead even in the 32 knockout games, its whole deficit came from the opening third (thin priors on debutant squads), and the gap halves when both are scored on xWDL instead of the scoreboard.

By stage
Group stage n=68
Model
0.887
Market
0.834
Knockouts n=32
Model
0.894
Market
0.896
By tournament third
Opening third n=34
Model
0.968
Market
0.906
Middle third n=33
Model
0.826
Market
0.780
Final third n=33
Model
0.871
Market
0.874

Both forecasters beat the naive baselines by a distance (coin flip 1.099, season base rates 1.069). Match by match the market took 64 of the 100 duels to the model's 36 — the profile of an underdog-backer: frequent small losses, occasional bigger wins. Scored on post-match xWDL instead of the scoreboard, the gap halves (0.938 vs 0.923). Structurally the two disagree in one repeatable way: the market prices favourites +0.028 win-probability points above what xWDL says they deserve, the model -0.021 below — the model is the buy-the-underdog side of the market.

100 matches with captured pre-kickoff odds · log-loss, lower is better · paired t-test p ≈ 0.06 · ≋ scale starts at 0.75, coin flip = 1.099
Best calls
Where the model beat the market — and xWDL agrees
Spain 0–0 Cape VerdeGroup stage · Draw
Model
87·10·3
Market
91·7·3
xWDL
77·20·4

The model gave the world-cup debutants a draw price half again the market's — and xWDL says even that was too low.

Germany 1–1 ParaguayRound of 32 · Draw — Paraguay advanced on penalties
Model
55·27·18
Market
72·18·10
xWDL
57·30·13

The model gave Paraguay a 31% chance of taking the tie vs the market's 18.7% — and Paraguay took it.

United States 1–4 BelgiumRound of 16 · Belgium win
Model
24·28·48
Market
38·29·33
xWDL
9·19·72

The model made Belgium a clear favorite while the market leaned USA; xWDL says Belgium should have been priced higher still.

France 4–6 EnglandThird-place match · England win
Model
37·31·32
Market
55·23·22
xWDL
35·16·49

The market was sold on France; the model called it even — and xWDL says England deserved the ten-goal classic.

Portugal 1–1 DR CongoGroup stage · Draw
Model
66·23·12
Market
75·17·8
xWDL
27·38·35

Both underrated DR Congo — but the model much less so, and xWDL says DR Congo were the better side on the day.

Pre-kickoff probabilities, home·draw·away · xWDL = post-match xG win/draw/loss expectancy · all five calls corroborated by it
Worst calls
Its one weak spot: underrating certain favourites
DR Congo 3–1 UzbekistanGroup stage · DR Congo win
Model
40·31·29
Market
57·25·18
xWDL
83·13·3

The model's biggest genuine miss: it had this near even while the market made DR Congo a clear favorite — and xWDL says they should have been favored even more heavily.

Ghana 1–0 PanamaGroup stage · Ghana win
Model
27·31·43
Market
41·30·29
xWDL
50·33·18

The model actually leaned Panama; market and xWDL both had Ghana as the stronger side.

United States 4–1 ParaguayGroup stage · USA win
Model
34·32·35
Market
46·30·24
xWDL
68·22·10

Same weak spot: the model priced the eventual comfortable favorite as a coin flip. Underrating certain favorites was its one repeatable failure mode.

The mirror image of its underdog edge: the same lever that priced Paraguay and Cape Verde correctly occasionally shaved too much off a genuine favourite.

Pre-kickoff probabilities, home·draw·away · xWDL = post-match xG win/draw/loss expectancy · all three misses corroborated by it
Luck, measured
Mexico ran hottest, and the two unluckiest teams both went home early

Mexico's perfect group came on 6.24 expected points — the luckiest run in the field. Turkey and Uruguay, the two unluckiest teams, were both eliminated.

Mexico +2.76
France +2.43
Croatia +2.19
Paraguay +2.05
Argentina +1.70
Colombia +1.23
Morocco +1.15
Uzbekistan 1.23out
Belgium 1.44
Ecuador 1.47
South Korea 1.57out
Jordan 1.66out
Canada 1.84
Haiti 1.85out
Panama 1.96out
Uruguay 2.40out
Turkey 2.49out
Points above the xWDL expectationPoints below itOUT = eliminated in the group stage

Only 4 matches all tournament saw a side with a >65% xWDL win expectancy fail to win — all group-stage finishing failures, with Ecuador's 0–0 against Curaçao on 3.05 xG the most extreme. The biggest knockout deserved-result reversal: Brazil out-created Norway to a 0.602 xWDL win probability in the Round of 16 — and lost 1–2.

Group-stage points vs xWDL expected points (post-match xG-based, FotMob) · 3 games per team · teams with |Pts − xPts| ≥ 0.7 shown
Overachievers
Norway's run was the shock the whole bracket felt
Norway1.6% title oddsQuarterfinals

Beat Brazil — the market's #3 title pick — in the Round of 16, the tournament's cleanest shock, then took England to extra time.

Paraguay0.45% title oddsRound of 16

Knocked out Germany in the Round of 32 on penalties — a bottom-third squad ending a top-8 favorite's tournament in the first knockout round.

Morocco1.7% title oddsQuarterfinals

Put out Netherlands on penalties in the Round of 32, then fell only to France.

Switzerland2.3% title oddsQuarterfinals

A shootout win over Colombia carried it to the quarterfinals before Argentina ended the run — in extra time, naturally.

Cape Verde0.01% title oddsRound of 32

The model's #37-rated squad drew Spain 0–0, reached the knockouts, and took eventual runner-up Argentina to extra time before losing 3–2.

Day-0 title odds: kickoff-morning model (market shown where the gap is the story)
Underachievers
The old powers fell in the first knockout rounds
Germany4.1% title oddsRound of 32

A top-8 favorite out in the first knockout round, to a team priced at 0.45%.

Netherlands4.5% title oddsRound of 32

Same round, same script: eliminated on penalties by 1.7%-shot Morocco.

Brazil5% title odds · market 9.1%Round of 16

The market's #3 pick — the model was notably cooler at 5.0% — lost to Norway, the biggest market-rank-to-finish gap in the field.

Portugal7.3% title oddsRound of 16

One of the model's top pre-tournament picks lost its group to Colombia, then met Spain a round too early.

Turkey2.7% title oddsGroup stage

The model's Group D favorite at 39.2% to win the group finished dead last while co-host USA won it — the market had this one right.

For all the bracket chaos, 10 of 12 groups were still won by the model's pre-tournament favourite — the upsets came almost entirely in the knockout rounds.

Day-0 title odds: kickoff-morning model · 10 of 12 groups still went to the model's pre-tournament favourite
Golden boot
Mbappé won the boot; Messi, at 38, was the engine
PlayerTeamGoalsMinG−xG
Kylian MbappéFrance10699+3.12
Lionel MessiArgentina8740+2.69
Jude BellinghamEngland7616+3.94
Erling HaalandNorway7465+2.56
Harry KaneEngland6654+2.46
Ousmane DembéléFrance6597+3.94
Mikel OyarzabalSpain5606+1.00

Messi at 38: 8 goals, a tournament-best 4.15 expected assists, and 740 minutes — Argentina's entire engine, and the only regular on the squad who clearly outplayed his pre-tournament rating.

Goals: tournament record · xG, xA: FotMob per-player tournament totals
The champion's engine
Spain won it with the unheralded
Pedro PorroSpain72nd → 94th percentile

Spain's best-performing outfielder relative to expectation.

Fabián RuizSpain56th → 92nd percentile

Modestly rated, quietly dominant in the engine room.

Mikel OyarzabalSpain5 goals, joint team-best

Spain's top scorer — a 0.65-quality squad player by the model's pre-tournament book.

Meanwhile Spain carried the model's two highest-rated goalkeepers in the entire 1,246-player pool — David Raya and Joan Garcia — for exactly 0 minutes between them. Emiliano Martínez played all 810 possible minutes: Argentina's road ran through three extra-time matches to Spain's one.

Percentiles: pre-tournament model rating vs tournament output, both within the 248-player ≥300-minute pool
Ratings vs reality
The player ratings missed in both directions
Broke out — Cape Verde's back line
Roberto LopesCape Verde3rd → 95th percentile

Rated near the bottom of the entire player pool pre-tournament; finished as one of its highest-output defenders.

DineyCape Verde10th → 100th percentile

The single largest rating-vs-output gap at the tournament — the anchor of the back line that took Argentina to extra time in the Round of 32.

Underdelivered — the expensive names
Michael OliseFrance650 min, 0 goals, −2.48 G−xG

The model's #2-rated player pre-tournament and the tournament's single biggest finishing underperformer; the chances came, the finishing never did.

Lamine YamalSpain615 min, 1 goal at age 18

Below-median tournament output — yet a champion, and remarkable for carrying starter minutes through a title run as a teenager.

William SalibaFrance480 min, 18th-percentile output

96th-percentile rating in, single-digit-adjacent output out.

Marc GuéhiEngland663 min, 29th-percentile output

Played nearly every England minute without ever imposing himself on the numbers.

Quality percentile: pre-tournament model rating · output percentile: tournament performance index · both within the ≥300-minute pool
For the record
Four weeks in five lines
France 4–6 England — the third-place match was the highest-scoring game of the tournament.
No two teams met twice across all 104 matches.
Biggest wins: Germany 7–1 Curaçao and Canada 6–0 Qatar.
Nine matches finished 0–0 after 90 minutes.
Nine of 32 knockout games needed more than 90 minutes — including the final.

Want the receipts? The full match-by-match scoreboard is on the performance page, and the method page explains how the model works.

104 matches, 2026-06-11 → 2026-07-19 · scores verified against ESPN event data